123 research outputs found
Brain-computer interface channel selection optimization using meta-heuristics and evolutionary algorithms
Producción CientíficaMany brain–computer interface (BCI) studies overlook the channel optimization due to its inherent complexity. However, a careful channel selection increases the performance and users’ comfort while reducing the cost of the system. Evolutionary meta-heuristics, which have demonstrated their usefulness in solving complex problems, have not been fully exploited yet in this context. The purpose of the study is two-fold: (1) to propose a novel algorithm to find an optimal channel set for each user and compare it with other existing meta-heuristics; and (2) to establish guidelines for adapting these optimization strategies to this framework. A total of 3 single-objective (GA, BDE, BPSO) and 4 multi-objective (NSGA-II, BMOPSO, SPEA2, PEAIL) existing algorithms have been adapted and tested with 3 public databases: ‘BCI competition III–dataset II’, ‘Center Speller’ and ‘RSVP Speller’. Dual-Front Sorting Algorithm (DFGA), a novel multi-objective discrete method especially designed to the BCI framework, is proposed as well. Results showed that all meta-heuristics outperformed the full set and the common 8-channel set for P300-based BCIs. DFGA showed a significant improvement of accuracy of 3.9% over the latter using also 8 channels; and obtained similar accuracies using a mean of 4.66 channels. A topographic analysis also reinforced the need to customize a channel set for each user. Thus, the proposed method computes an optimal set of solutions with different number of channels, allowing the user to select the most appropriate distribution for the next BCI sessions.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (project RTC2019-007350-1)Comisión Europea (project 0702_MIGRAINEE_2_E
XIV Foro Internacional sobre la Evaluación de la Calidad de la Investigación y de la Educación Superior (FECIES)
Introducción. El Proceso de Bolonia ha impulsado un nuevo modelo educativo que pretende centrar las metodologías docentes en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, priorizando el manejo de herramientas por encima de la mera acumulación de conocimientos. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la eficacia del aprendizaje colaborativo en la asignatura “Sistemas de Comunicación”, que se imparte en la E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación de la Universidad de Valladolid. Método. Se emplearon diferentes herramientas basadas en el aprendizaje colaborativo dentro de la “Práctica sobre telefonía móvil de cuarta generación”. Dicha práctica está compuesta por diferentes actividades: (i) Trabajo escrito individual; (ii) Actividad de revisión por pares; (iii) Debate; (iv) Actividad puzle; (v) Trabajo escrito grupal; y (vi) Exposición y defensa del trabajo grupal. Resultados. Las encuestas realizadas a los alumnos mostraron que están muy satisfechos con esta práctica, puesto que les ha permitido desarrollar diferentes competencias transversales. Además, los alumnos obtuvieron una mayor calificación en el examen final de la asignatura en la pregunta sobre telefonía móvil de cuarta generación (Calificación sobre 1 punto = 0.59 0.33 puntos, media desviación estándar) que en la pregunta análoga sobre telefonía móvil de tercera generación, tema impartido utilizando una metodología docente tradicional (Calificación sobre 1 punto = 0.51 0.34 puntos). Conclusiones. El aprendizaje colaborativo no sólo permite a los alumnos adquirir competencias transversales, sino que además les permite interiorizar más conocimientos teóricos que la docencia tradicional
Continuous wavelet transform in the study of the time-scale properties of intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus
Producción CientíficaNormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders generally
characterised by clinical symptoms, ventriculomegaly and anomalous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
dynamics. Lumbar infusion tests (ITs) are frequently performed in the preoperatory evaluation of
patients who show NPH features. The analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) signals recorded during
ITs could be useful to better understand the pathophysiology underlying NPH and to assist treatment
decisions. In this study, 131 ICP signals recorded during ITs were analysed using two continuous wavelet transform (CWT)-derived parameters: Jensen Divergence (JD) and Spectral Flux (SF). These
parameters were studied in two frequency bands, associated with different components of the signal:
"(0.15 - 0.3 Hz), related to respiratory blood pressure oscillations; and # (0.67 - 2.5 Hz), related to
ICP pulse waves. Statistically significant differences ( < 1.70 ∙ 10+,, Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon
signed rank tests) in pairwise comparisons between phases of ITs were found using the mean and
standard deviation of JD and SF. These differences were mainly found in #, where a lower
irregularity and variability, together with less prominent time-frequency fluctuations, were found in
the hypertension phase of ITs. Our results suggest that wavelet analysis could be useful for
understanding CSF dynamics in NPH.This research was supported by ‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’ and 'European Regional Development Fund' (FEDER) under project TEC2014-53196-R, by ‘European Commission’ and FEDER under project 'Análisis y correlación entre el genoma completo y la actividad cerebral para la ayuda en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer' ('Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal POCTEP 2014-2020'), and by ‘Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León’ and FEDER under project VA037U16
Improving the accessibility at home: implementation of a domotic application using a p300-based brain computer interface system
The aim of this study was to develop a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) application to control domotic devices usually present at home. Previous studies have shown that people with severe disabilities, both physical and cognitive ones, do not achieve high accuracy results using motor imagery-based BCIs. To overcome this limitation, we propose the implementation of a BCI application using P300 evoked potentials, because neither extensive training nor extremely high concentration level are required for this kind of BCIs. The implemented BCI application allows to control several devices as TV, DVD player, mini Hi-Fi system, multimedia hard drive, telephone, heater, fan and lights. Our aim is that potential users, i.e. people with severe disabilities, are able to achieve high accuracy. Therefore, this domotic BCI application is useful to increase their personal autonomy and independence, improving their quality of life.Peer Reviewe
Nonlinear analysis of time series generated by schizophrenic patients
Producción CientíficaFocusing on a particular feature, the ability to create random rhythms, our study is aimed at the analysis of cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia, comparing them with normal subjects. We have developed a new cognitive test using methods from nonlinear dynamical systems theory, with the objective of measuring the subject's capacity of developing a random rhythm
An Asynchronous P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Web Browser for Severely Disabled People
This
paper
presents
an
electroencephalo-
graphic (EEG) P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI)
Internet browser. The system uses the “odd-ball” row-col
paradigm for generating the P300 evoked potentials on the scalp
of the user, which are immediately processed and translated
into web browser commands. There were previous approaches
for controlling a BCI web browser. However, to the best of our
knowledge, none of them was focused on an assistive context,
failing to test their applications with a suitable number of end
users. In addition, all of them were synchronous applications,
where it was necessary to introduce a “read-mode” command
in order to avoid a continuous command selection. Thus,
the aim of this study is twofold: 1) to test our web browser
with a population of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in order
to assess the usefulness of our proposal to meet their daily
communication needs; and 2) to overcome the aforementioned
limitation by adding a threshold that discerns between control
and non-control states, allowing the user to calmly read the
web page without undesirable selections. The browser was
tested with sixteen MS patients and five healthy volunteers.
Both quantitative and qualitative metrics were obtained. MS
participants reached an average accuracy of 84.14%, whereas
95.75% was achieved by control subjects. Results show that
MS patients can successfully control the BCI web browser,
improving their personal autonom
Automated Analysis of Nocturnal Oximetry as Screening Tool for Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Producción CientíficaChildhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea
syndrome (OSAHS) is a highly prevalent condition that
negatively affects health, performance and quality of life of
infants and young children. Early detection and treatment
improves neuropsychological and cognitive deficits linked with
the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the performance
of automated analysis of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)
recordings as a screening tool for OSAHS. As an initial step,
statistical, spectral and nonlinear features were estimated to
compose an initial feature set. Then, fast correlation-based
filter (FCBF) was applied to search for the optimum subset.
Finally, the discrimination power (OSAHS negative vs. OSAHS
positive) of three pattern recognition algorithms was assessed:
linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant
analysis (QDA) and logistic regression (LR). Three clinical cutoff
points commonly used in the literature for positive diagnosis
of the disease were applied: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 1,
3 and 5 events per hour (e/h). Our methodology reached 88.6%
accuracy (71.4% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity, 100.0%
positive predictive value, and 84.0% negative predictive value)
in an independent test set using QDA for a clinical cut-off point
of 5 e/h. These results suggest that SpO2 nocturnal recordings
may be used to develop a reliable and efficient screening tool
for childhood OSAHSJunta de Castilla y León (project VA059U13
The test of Random Rhythm Generation and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenic patients
Producción CientíficaThe objective of this study was the assessment of neuropsychological performance in a sample of schizophrenic patients using a new computer-administered instrument, the Test of Random Rhythm Generation (ARG). The test was applied to a group of 20 DSM-IV schizophrenic patients (SG) and 20 sex- and age-matched controls (CG). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (Frankfurter Beschwerdefragebogen, FBF) were used to study patients' psychopathology. The neuroleptic treatment received by each patient during the last month was converted into daily equivalents of chlorpromazine. In the ARG, the subject is asked to press the space key of the computer at a rhythm as irregular as possible. The test aims at assessing the individual's ability to create random rhythms by means of sequences of blows, which is hypothetically associated with a high neuropsychological performance. The data were analyzed by means of three different mathematical techniques. Results showed that schizophrenic patients generated more regular and rhythmic sequences than controls (correlation dimension in SG = 2.78 +/- 0.81, in CG = 3.69 +/- 0.64, p < 0.01). This suggests that neuropsychological performance measured by the ARG was worse in patients compared to controls. ARG is proposed as a new technique to evaluate neuropsychological performance with the following advantages: (1) its short-time application tit usually takes no more than 10 minutes), (2) personnel only require a short training to learn how to apply it, and (3) different analyses of the data are quickly carried out by the computer program
Combination of global features for the automatic quality assessment of retinal images
Producción CientíficaDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of visual loss in developed countries. Computer-aided diagnosis systems aimed at detecting DR can reduce the workload of ophthalmologists in screening programs. Nevertheless, a large number of retinal images cannot be analyzed by physicians and automatic methods due to poor quality. Automatic retinal image quality assessment (RIQA) is needed before image analysis. The purpose of this study was to combine novel generic quality features to develop a RIQA method. Several features were calculated from retinal images to achieve this goal. Features derived from the spatial and spectral entropy-based quality (SSEQ) and the natural images quality evaluator (NIQE) methods were extracted. They were combined with novel sharpness and luminosity measures based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and the hue saturation value (HSV) color model, respectively. A subset of non-redundant features was selected using the fast correlation-based filter (FCBF) method. Subsequently, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network was used to obtain the quality of images from the selected features. Classification results achieved 91.46% accuracy, 92.04% sensitivity, and 87.92% specificity. Results suggest that the proposed RIQA method could be applied in a more general computer-aided diagnosis system aimed at detecting a variety of retinal pathologies such as DR and age-related macular degeneration.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects RTC-2015-3467-1 and DPI2017-84280-R
Positive airway pressure and electrical stimulation methods for obstructive sleep apnea treatment: a patent review (2005-2014)
Producción CientíficaIntroduction. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a major health problem with significant negative effects on the health and quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is currently the primary treatment option and it is considered the most effective therapy for OSAHS. Nevertheless, comfort issues due to improper fit to patient’s changing needs and breathing gas leakage limit the patient’s adherence to treatment.
Areas covered. The present patent review describes recent innovations in the treatment of OSAHS related to optimization of the positive pressure delivered to the patient, methods and systems for continuous self-adjusting pressure during inspiration and expiration phases, and techniques for electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles responsible for the airway patency.
Expert opinion. In the last years, CPAP-related inventions have mainly focused on obtaining an optimal self-adjusting pressure according to patient’s needs. Despite intensive research carried out, treatment compliance is still a major issue. Hypoglossal electrical nerve stimulation could be an effective secondary treatment option when CPAP primary therapy fails. Several patents have been granted focused on selective stimulation techniques and parameter optimization of the stimulating pulse waveform. Nevertheless, there remain important issues to address, like effectiveness and adverse events due to improper stimulation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2011-22987)Junta de Castilla y León (VA059U13
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